Newburgh (Glass House Co.)
1751 – 1759
Part 1 of a Series
by Stephen Atkinson
11 September 2013
The manufacture of glass was commenced in the village of New Windsor near present day Newburgh, 66 miles north of New York City, sometime mid to late 1751 by a company from New York City of which Christian Hertell, Samuel Bayard, Lodewyck (or Lodewick) Bamper and Mathias (or Matthew) Ernest were partners, the first named being the resident manager. This group hired master gaffer, Johann Martin Greiner of Saxe-Weimar in the Palatinate region of present day Germany to design, help construct the glass works, be the master gaffer and train the new help.
Mr. Grenier was part of the famous (French-German) glass blowing, factory owning Greiner family who had been manufacturing glass from the early 1500s. These wealthy Dutch gentleman were partners of a company named the Glass House Company and were based out of New York City. The following agreement recites the purchase of lots for the purpose and other matters connected with it:
Memorandum that we, the subscribers, have this third day of January, 1751, agreed with Vincent Matthews, who acts in behalf of Samuel Bayard, in New York, for a parcel of lots lying and being at New Windsor, being part of the lands we purchased from John Alsop at New York, in the following manor, that is to say: We, the said subscribers, do agree to sell the following lots with, the prices there unto annexed, viz:
James Tuthill, lots 21 and 58, for £0 9 o o
Henry Brewster to Brant Schuyler, lots 22 and 59 for o 7 o o
Evan Jones, lots 22, and 56 for o 7 o o
John Yelverton, lot 57 for o 3 o o
Hezekiah Howell, lot 43 for o 2 o
Joseph Sackett, lot 71 for 3 o o
Ebenezer Seeley, lot 68 for o 3 o
Vincent Matthews, lot 69 for o 3 o
John Nelson, lot 70 for o 3 o 4000
“Provided, nevertheless, that as the chief reason for selling the above lots at such a low rate and under value, is upon this account, viz: To encourage the said Samuel Bayard & Company for the building and erecting a glass-house for making of glass and potash, which the said Bayard & Company have agreed to erect upon some of the above said lots; but in case the said Bayard & Company should fail, and throw up, and not build the said works, then and in such case the above agreement to be void and the lots to remain to the above owners; and we, the above owners and subscribers, do hereby acknowledge to have received from the above Samuel Bayard, by the hands of Vincent Matthews, the full one equal half part of the above mentioned sum of forty pounds, being half of the above purchase money, and we do promise and agree to execute, each for himself and for his heirs, good and lawful deeds to the said Samuel Bayard & Company, each for his Share or part of the above lots, upon the said Samuel Bayard’s paying the rest or the other half of the above purchase money which said half is to be paid on or before the twenty-fifth day of March next ensuing the date hereof – which said deeds are to be at the proper cost and charge of the said Bayard & Company.”
“In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first above written. Signed in the presence of us, Fletcher Matthews, Thos. Jones.”
“Be it remembered. That I, Christian Hertell, in company with the within Samuel Barard, Lodewick Bamper, and Mathias Ernest, did agree to the written purchase made by Vincent Mathews, with the within Proprietors of New Windsor; and do agree for myself and the rest of the company to fulfill the said agreement; and if we fail of building the said glass-house and quit it, then and in such case to release all the said lots back again to the owners thereof upon their returning the purchase money back to me and Company again, or to any of us, as witness my hand this first day of April, 1752. “C. R. HERTELL & COMPANY.
“Signed and acknowledged and delivered in presence of us, Ebenezer Seely, Jr., Judah Harlow.”
The works were conducted for a number of years until after the war of the American Revolution. Based on the archaeological finds of mainly dark green glass at the original factory site, the types of bottles and glassware made at these works are as follows:
Case bottles, the tall square in shape type with high kick-ups in the corners to help stabilize contact on all four corners.
Large wine bottles with string lips made closely in the style of the German mallet type bottles.
Medicine vials, with sheared tops,
Square utility bottles with tapered and chamfered corners.
Large utility bottles in one, two and three gallon sizes all with deep conical bases.
A little history concerning Mr. Greiners roots:
The Glassworks at Munzthal in the year 1585
Henry Heigel writes in his article the German Ballai (1600-1633) that Martin Greiner and Simon Stenger had moved the glass works from Holbach to Munzthal in 1585. In 1601 the glass-master Martin Greiner, paid 80 floren for his glas-haus and eight partners, (Siegwalt Steffel, Hensel Schurer, Ulrich Scheidhauer, Hans Shirer von Petersback, Hans Greiner, Paulus Glaser, Andres Spessart, and Henre Wincker). In 1603 there were ten glass makers at the factory as output had increased.
In the year 1609 there were fourteen glass-makers; Martin Greiner, Jean Houber, Adam and Gaspard Greiner, Nicholas Krebs, George Hoff and Sebastian Ehrlich. The widow of Martin Greiner was allowed to open up one of the huts in a different location.
The first glass works from 1585 had depleted the forest area. It was reported that in 1613 that the glass works from Martin Greiner was located at the end Munzthal.
His son, Jean Greiner operated the glass-house in 1614. Jean Greiner had two sons Nicolas and Leonard who worked for their father. In 1625, both being the new masters of the glass works, Nicolas and Leonard Greiner, employed ten workers including Martin Siegwart, Adam Greiner and Andres Stenger.
The old widow Greiner, planned to give up the lease for the hut because of lack of wood. There were still eleven workers employed in 1629 including Koch, Steffel, Contz, Andres, Stenger, Sigeart, Adam Greiner, Jean Schwan.
As you can see, it is obvious why the Glass House Company sought the expert advice from Johan Martin Greiner, one of the most famous glass makers from Germany at the time. The Greiner family had been manufacturing glass in Germany for 150 years prior to his arrival in New York City in 1750. Johan would go on to be hired by Wilhem Henry Stiegel who used Johan Martin Greiner to design all three of his glass works built over a ten year period at Elizabeth and Manheim, Pennsylvania.
The glass works was still in operation at New Windsor for as the advertisement below from December 28th, 1758 edition of the New York Mercury states:
Notice “To Be Sold at the Store of Matthew Ernest” – December 28, 1758, New York Mercury
Or the property being sold near the glass works mentioned in this advertisement from the April 2nd 1759 edition of the New York Mercury:
Notice of property being sold near the glass works – April 2, 1759, New York Mercury
But the end of the glass works was soon to be, for a little over a month later, as listed here in the advertisement below, which was mixed into a long list of regional stories, “The Glass House at New-Windsor, in this Province, was burnt to the ground.” – The Monday, May 28, 1759 edition of the New York Mercury.
“the Glass House at New-Windsor, in this Province, was burnt to the ground” – Monday, May 28, 1759 – New York Mercury
The glass house demise was mainly due to the disasterous fire and as is the case with most other glass factories, which had been established before and after the forest being depleted, this was another main factor in a glass factorys inability to survive. The North River, as it was known in Colonial times, now the Hudson river, was an excellent means of navigation to and from the city of New York. Plans were already in the works before the fire to build a new factory much closer to Manhattan (New Amsterdam) (New York) by this same group of men.
The bottle below is very typical of the type manufactured at these works:
CASE TYPE BOTTLE
Case type bottle, 14 inches tall, olive amber in color, large deep blow pipe type pontil mark, 1750 to 1770
Case type bottle, corner view of the same bottle.
Case type bottle, in close on the shoulders and the lip. Pretty colored bottle with lots of small bubbles.
Case type bottle, lip close-up, slightly slanted and reversed rolled in make up.
Case type bottle, concave base, deep blow pipe pontil mark with a large chunk of glass extending downward from the perimeter of the pontil mark.
Case type bottle, view from the north.
Case type bottle. Looking through 275 year old sun glasses into my back yard at the neighbors huge Victorian home!
Case type bottle, On the side of the bottle, the shoulder line is a huge bubble which burst and resealed itself in the making. I have never seen this before on glass.
The January 5th, 1969 edition of The Evening News Newspaper of Newburgh, New York had the following headline:
About Stephen Atkinson
Stephen Atkinson, from Sewell, New Jersey has been collecting bottles and glass since he was 12 years old. He once dug an original EG Booz figural cabin bottle on Norris Street in Mantua, New Jersey in 1972 at 12 years old and traded it for six bitters bottles. Fast forward to 2012 and Stephen bought the exact bottle back at an estate auction in New Jersey!
His passion is for pre-1880 glass, as the majority of his collection consists of historical flasks, colonial era chestnut bottles, and whimsical end of day pieces of glass. He also has three rare T.W. Dyott bottles, an original Dr. Robertson’s family medicine; one of the rarest collectable American bottles, a T.W. Dyott vial bottle dug by Chris Rowell and a paper labeled T.W. Dyott bottle. He has researched many southern New Jersey glass works first hand by locating the original factory sites. The best piece in his collection is the Wistarburgh Glass Company ledger showing monies paid out to Caspar Wistar’s Children and their husbands and wives.
Read more Stephen Atkinson articles in this series:
The New York State Glass Factories | Preface to a Series
Brooklyn (Glass House Co.) 1754-1758 | Part 2
